Research progress on the treatment of gingival pigmentation / 口腔疾病防治

@#Gingival pigmentation is a nonplaque gum disease. Patients are often afraid to communicate with others because of gum color problems, which affect the social and mental health of patients. The commonly used treatment methods for gingival pigmentation include scalpel excision, gingival grinding, laser therapy, cryosurgery and electrosurgery. In this paper, the progress of gingival pigmentation treatment was reviewed in terms of bleeding, pain, tissue healing and recoloring. The results showed that the clinical effect of laser treatment was better. Among them, the semiconductor laser had more advantages in reducing bleeding, pain and the restaining rate, while the Er:Cr:YSSG/Er:YAG laser performed better for promoting tissue healing. Clinicians can choose the best kind of laser to use according to the actual situation. For patients with thin gingival biotypes, floating gingival transplantation or substitute materials can be selected to restore the gingival morphology. With the in-depth study of melanin regulation mechanisms, various drugs, such as ascorbic acid, natural peptides, synthetic peptides and derivatives, may be the main research direction for the treatment of gingival pigmentation in the future.

Impacts of elastic band training on lower limb strength in aerobic gymnastics athletes / Impactos do treinamento com banda elástica na força dos membros inferiores em atletas de ginástica aeróbica / Impactos del entrenamiento con bandas elásticas en la fuerza de los miembros inferiores en atletas de gimnasia aeróbica

ABSTRACT Introduction: For over 100 years, elastic band training has been used in fitness training, including mainly male physical strength training, female body sculpting training, and stimulation of stages in child development. Objective: Verify the impacts of elastic band training on lower limb strength in aerobic gymnastics athletes. Methods: The method of literary data, expert interview, and logical analysis were adopted. Mainly through the logical analysis method, 20 aerobics athletes in a rhythmic gymnastics club were selected as volunteers for the experiment. They were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups and then performed a jump test for 14 weeks, involving three steps. Results: It was found that before the experiment, the athletes in the experimental group performed slightly better in the three-step approach and level 1 straight step jump than the control group. Elastic band training significantly improved trunk strength and lower limb strength. Conclusions: Factors affecting the selection of lower body strength training content for aerobic gymnastics athletes are: physical factors, training cycle factors, multi-age factors, and coaches' factors. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Há mais de 100 anos, o treinamento de banda elástica tem sido utilizado no treino de aptidão física, incluído principalmente no treinamento de força física masculina, treinamento de escultura corporal feminina e estimulação de estágios no desenvolvimento infantil. Objetivo: Verificar os impactos do treinamento com banda elástica na força dos membros inferiores em atletas de ginástica aeróbica. Métodos: Adotou-se o método de dados literários, entrevista especializada e análise lógica. Principalmente através do método de análise lógica, 20 atletas de ginástica aeróbica em um clube de ginástica rítmica foram selecionados como voluntários para o experimento. Eles foram divididos aleatoriamente no grupo experimental e no grupo de controle, e então realizaram um teste de salto por 14 semanas, envolvendo três etapas. Resultados: Verificou-se que antes do experimento, os atletas do grupo experimental tiveram um desempenho ligeiramente maior na abordagem de três etapas e salto de passo direito nível 1 do que o grupo de controle. O treinamento de banda elástica melhorou significativamente a força do tronco e a força dos membros inferiores. Conclusões: Os fatores que afetam a seleção de conteúdos de treinamento de menor força corporal para atletas de ginástica aeróbica são: fatores físicos, fatores de ciclo de treinamento, fatores de várias idades e fatores próprios dos treinadores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Desde hace más de 100 años, el entrenamiento con bandas elásticas se utiliza en el entrenamiento de la condición física, incluyendo principalmente el entrenamiento de la fuerza física masculina, el entrenamiento de la escultura corporal femenina y la estimulación de las etapas del desarrollo infantil. Objetivo: Verificar los impactos del entrenamiento con bandas elásticas en la fuerza de los miembros inferiores en atletas de gimnasia aeróbica. Métodos: Se adoptó el método de los datos literarios, la entrevista especializada y el análisis lógico. Principalmente mediante el método de análisis lógico, se seleccionaron 20 atletas de aeróbic de un club de gimnasia rítmica como voluntarios para el experimento. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en el grupo experimental y en el grupo de control, y luego realizaron una prueba de salto durante 14 semanas, con tres etapas. Resultados: Se comprobó que, antes del experimento, los atletas del grupo experimental rendían ligeramente mejor en la aproximación de tres pasos y en el salto de paso recto de nivel 1 que el grupo de control. El entrenamiento con bandas elásticas mejoró significativamente la fuerza del tronco y de las extremidades inferiores. Conclusiones: Los factores que afectan a la selección del contenido del entrenamiento de la fuerza de la parte inferior del cuerpo para los atletas de gimnasia aeróbica son: factores físicos, factores del ciclo de entrenamiento, factores de la edad múltiple y factores propios de los entrenadores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Impacts of aerobic gymnastics on their practitioners / Impactos da ginástica aeróbica em seus praticantes / Impactos de la gimnasia aeróbica en sus practicantes

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aerobics refers to exercise that integrates dance, gymnastics, and technical movements with a hectic pace and high demand for aerobic energy. The practice of this sport can improve cardiopulmonary function and prevent cardiovascular diseases, besides eliminating excess fat and improving body shape. Objective: Analyze the body changes caused by aerobic gymnastics in its practitioners. Methods: This article analyzes relevant scientific articles to raise a protocol of exercises performed by the experimental test method. The results of the relevant variables went through mathematical statistics, analysis, and confrontation of the research results. Results: The comparison of various indicators before and after the intervention showed that the normal range of body composition for women was 0.75 to 0.80; the test results showed that the waist-to-hip ratio of the volunteers decreased from 0.89 to 0.77. Conclusion: The aerobic gymnastics protocol performed positively impacted the body composition of its practitioners. In the psychological domain, it also contributed to a correct understanding of the body's physical aesthetics, promoting the achievement of high-level human beauty in its practitioners. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A ginástica aeróbica refere-se ao exercício que integra dança, ginástica e movimentos técnicos com ritmo agitado e alta demanda de energia aeróbica. A pratica desse esporte pode melhorar a função cardiopulmonar e prevenir doenças cardiovasculares, além de eliminar o excesso de gordura e melhorar a forma corporal. Objetivo: Analisar as alterações corporais provocadas pela prática da ginástica aeróbica em seus praticantes. Métodos: Este artigo efetua uma análise em artigos científicos relevantes para levantar um protocolo de exercícios que são executados pelo método de teste experimental. Os resultados das variáveis pertinentes passaram pelo método de estatística matemática, análise e confronto dos resultados da pesquisa. Resultados: A comparação de vários indicadores antes e após a intervenção mostrou que a faixa normal da composição corporal para as mulheres era de 0,75 a 0,80; os resultados dos testes mostraram que a relação cintura/quadril das voluntárias diminuiu de 0,89 para 0,77. Conclusão: O protocolo de ginástica aeróbica executado obteve um impacto positivo na composição corporal de seus praticantes. No domínio psicológico, também contribuiu para uma compreensão correta da estética física corporal, promovendo a conquista da beleza humana de alto nível em seus praticantes. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La gimnasia aeróbica se refiere al ejercicio que integra la danza, la gimnasia y los movimientos técnicos con ritmo agitado y alta demanda de energía aeróbica. La práctica de este deporte puede mejorar la función cardiopulmonar y prevenir enfermedades cardiovasculares, además de eliminar el exceso de grasa y mejorar la forma corporal. Objetivo: Analizar los cambios corporales provocados por la práctica de la gimnasia aeróbica en sus practicantes. Métodos: Este artículo realiza un análisis en artículos científicos relevantes para plantear un protocolo de ejercicios que se realizan por el método de prueba experimental. Los resultados de las variables relevantes pasaron por el método de la estadística matemática, el análisis y la confrontación de los resultados de la investigación. Resultados: La comparación de varios indicadores antes y después de la intervención mostró que el rango normal de composición corporal para las mujeres era de 0,75 a 0,80; los resultados de la prueba mostraron que la relación cintura-cadera de las voluntarias disminuyó de 0,89 a 0,77. Conclusión: El protocolo de gimnasia aeróbica ejecutado obtuvo un impacto positivo en la composición corporal de sus practicantes. En el ámbito psicológico, también contribuyó a una correcta comprensión de la estética del cuerpo físico, promoviendo el logro de una belleza humana de alto nivel en sus practicantes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Panax notoginseng saponins prevent colitis-associated colorectal cancer via inhibition IDO1 mediated immune regulation / 中国天然药物

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most lethal cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. A key driver of CRC development is colon inflammatory responses especially in patients with inflammatory bowl disease (IBD). It has been proved that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor effects. The chemopreventive and immunomodulatory functions of PNS on colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) have not been evaluated.This present study was designed to study the potential protective effects of PNS on AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice to explore the possible mechanism of PNS against CAC. Our study showed that PNS significantly alleviated colitis severity and prevented the occurrence of CAC. Functional assays revealed that PNS relieved immunosuppression of Treg cells in the CAC microenvironment by inhibiting the expression of IDO1 mediated directly by signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) rather than phosphorylated STAT1. Ultimately, Rh1, one of the PNS metabolites, exhibited the best inhibitory effect on IDO1 enzyme activity. Our study showed that PNS exerted significant chemopreventive function and immunomodulatory properties on CAC. It could reduce macrophages accumulation and Treg cells differentiation to reshape the immune microenvironment of CAC. These findings provided a promising approach for CAC intervention.

Discussion of novel mode of acupuncture and moxibustion based on identifying the acupoint sensitization / 中国针灸

On the base of the paradigms of clinical studies on modern moxibustion by identifying the acupoint sensitization, the records of ancient literature in successive dynasties were collected on "identifying the sensitization" of acupoints in acupuncture. In association with acupoint detection of acupuncture recorded in current textbooks, a novel concept, "exerting acupuncture by identifying the acupoint sensitization" is proposed. Acupoint sensitization is the common initial link of effect achieved by both acupuncture and moxibustion. Hence, on the basis of the routine acupoint selection by differentiating syndrome, the state of acupoint must be considerably emphasized in either acupuncture or moxibustion. The clinical curative effect may be improved by selecting the sensitized points and identifying sensitization. This novel mode of diagnosis and treatment focuses on identifying acupoint sensitization by unifying acupuncture with moxibustion and in coincidence with the modern clinical characteristics of either acupuncture or moxibustion.

Exosomes derived from lipopolysaccharide-preconditioned dental folic cells regulate osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cell in periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of exosomes (Exos) secreted from dental folic cells (DFCs) preconditioned with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the osteogenic differentiation ability of periodontal cells in periodontitis (p-PDLCs) in patients to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.@*Method @#Tissue block and enzyme digestion methods were used to culture DFCs and p-PDLCs. Exosomes were isolated from 250 ng/mL LPS-preconditioned DFCs 24 h later. The characteristics of exosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis and Western blotting. The effects of 10 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL exosomes on the osteogenic differentiation of p-PDLCs were detected by RT-PCR and Alizarin red staining.@*Results @# LPS-pretreated DFC-derived exosomes (L-Exos) are vesicle-like structures with a size between 30-100 nm that positively express CD63 and Alix. Compared with the control group, exosomes significantly upregulated Periostin, Col Ⅰ, and Col Ⅲ expression at 100 μg/mL (P < 0.05), while TGF- β1 was significantly upregulated at 10 μg/mL (P < 0.01). At 7 days after osteogenic induction, mineralized nodules were significantly more abundant in the exosome group than in the control group (P < 0.01), and the results were better at a concentration of 100 μg/mL (P < 0.01). @*Conclusion@# 100 μg/mL L-Exos are better than 10 μg/mL L-Exos in enhancing the osteogenic differentiation ability of p-PDLCs.

Effect of shenfu injection on isolated empty beating hearts from miniature pigs

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of Shenfu (SF) injection on donor heart preservation. Methods: Twelve pigs were randomly divided into SF group (n=6) and control group (n=6). After eight hours of perfusion, the differences in hemoglobin, the expression of Bcl-2 and BAX, and changes in the myocardial ultrastructure were compared to illustrate the effects of SF injection in heart preservation. Results: The differences in free hemoglobin between the SF group and the control group were statistically significant (P=0.001), and there was significant interaction of groups with times (P=0.019), but the perfusion time may not be associated with the hemoglobin concentration (P=0.616). According to Western blotting analysis, the expression of Bcl-2 was higher in the SF group than in the control group, while the expression of BAX was not different between the two groups. As to ultrastructural changes, both groups exhibited mitochondrial swelling and myofilament lysis, but the degree of damage in the SF group was smaller. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the application of SF injection for heart preservation may protect against cardiomyocytes and erythrocytes apoptosis, and Bcl-2 protein may play a role in these physiological processes.

Clinical observation of heat-sensitive moxibustion treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe clinical effect of heat-sensitive moxibustion on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to discusses the effective moxibustion treatment program.@*METHODS@#A total of 42 patients with COVID-19 (general type) were treated with heat-sensitive moxibustion at the acupoint area of Shenque (CV 8) and Tianshu (ST 25). The treatment was conducted under the standards of heat-sensitive moxibustion manipulation, which were "locating acupoint by feeling, moxibustion by differentiate sensation, dosage varies individually, ending after sufficient dosage". The incidence of after first heat-sensitive moxibustion, the reduction of negative emotions, the improvement of chest distress and impaired appetite, and the active acceptance rate of moxibustion before and after treatment were observed.@*RESULTS@#① The rate of heat-sensitive moxibustion for 20 min、40 min、1 h were respectively 52.4% (22/42), 90.5% (38/42), 100.0% (42/42). ② The incidences of feeling relaxed and comfortable immediately after the first, second, and third heat-sensitive moxibustion were 61.9% (26/42), 73.8% (31/42), and 92.9% (39/42), which were higher than 42.9% (18/42) before heat-sensitive moxibustion treatment (<0.05). ③ The incidences of chest distress after the first, second, and third heat-sensitive moxibustion were 23.8% (10/42), 16.7% (7/42), and 9.5% (4/42), which were lower than 50.0% (21/42) before heat-sensitive moxibustion treatment (<0.05); the incidences of impaired appetite after the first, second, and third heat-sensitive moxibustion were 26.2% (11/42), 19.0% (8/42), 9.5% (4/42), which were lower than 57.1% (24/42) before heat-sensitive moxibustion treatment (<0.05). ④ After the first treatment, the active acceptance rate of patients for heat-sensitive moxibustion was 100.0% (42/42), which was higher than 11.9% (5/42) before heat-sensitive moxibustion (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The heat-sensitive moxibustion can effectively reduce the negative emotions and improve the symptoms of chest distress and impaired appetite with COVID-19. It is generally accepted by patients, and worthy of popularization and application in clinical treatment.

Application of professor 's academic thought " is often insufficient, but is often surplus" in heat-sensitive moxibustion for tumor rehabilitation / 中国针灸

Professor has explored the causes of the characteristics of TCM syndromes in modern disease spectrum and pointed out that the TCM syndromes are generally characterized by " is often insufficient, but is often surplus". Based on the clinical experience and the understanding of TCM classics and ancient literature on tumor, professor has proposed that TCM syndromes of patients with advanced tumor are also generally characterized by " is often insufficient, but is often surplus". The heat-sensitive moxibustion has the functions of warming and nourishing eliminating dampness, warming meridians and dispersing cold, activating blood circulation and clearing collaterals, therefore tumor patients with deficiency syndrome (-deficiency, deficiency), cold syndrome, dampness syndrome, phlegm syndrome and blood-stasis syndrome belonging to the indications of heat-sensitive moxibustion. The heat-sensitive moxibustion has unique advantages in treating spleen-stomach dysfunction after chemotherapy and radiotherapy, bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy and radiotherapy, cancerous deficiency, cancerous pain, pleural effusion, ascites, constipation, which has important clinical value in improving the quality of life and prolonging the life time for patients with advanced tumors.

On the in moxibustion / 中国针灸

The original connotation of in () was explored to provide the reference for the clinical application of moxibustion. The relevant items of the original definition of in were traced aligning with the achievements in the clinical researches on the heat-sensitive phenomena and its rule, and thus, the characteristics of in moxibustion and its inducing approaches were analyzed. A new viewpoint of the connotation of in was put forward. It is believed that is not only a somatic response to acupuncture, but also a kind of comfortable mental-physical reaction related to curative effect. On this basis, it was discussed that moxibustion on heat-sensitive acupoints could induce which conforms to the original definition described in . Additionally, the method of moxibustion for stimulating , the screening of the items on in moxibustion as well as the preliminary evaluation were introduced in the paper. It is suggested that the in moxibustion is the comprehensive responses of the mental-physical-curative effect.

Oncoplastic breast conserving surgery:A cross-sectional study of 110 breast surgery centers in China / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To report the application of oncoplastic breast conserving surgery(OBCS) in China.METHODS: The survey was performed by using questionnaire in 110 breast surgery centers in China,whose annual breast cancer surgery volume over 200 in 2017.The surgery application situation and its relevant factors were analyzed.RESULTS: In2017,total 8443 cases of OBCS were performed in sample hospitals.OBCS occupied 9.8% of total breast cancer surgery and 43.4% of total breast conserving surgery(BCS).OBCS application showed extremely uneven among different hospitals.Both the number of hospitals whose OBCS/BCS>50% or <10% were 36(32.7%).Hospital's breast surgery volume had significant relevance with proportion of OBCS in BCS(P=0.006).The application rate of volume displacement was significantly higher than that of volume replacement(60.1% vs.15.2%,P<0.001).Geological distribution,GDP,hospital level or category showed no significant relevance with the OBCS application.CONCLUSION: The present scale of OBCS usage are uneven in China.Breast surgeons should receive more oncoplastic skills training,strengthen the concept of oncoplastic surgery and improve the multidisciplinary cooperation.

Current application of concentrated growth factors in periodontal tissue regeneration / 口腔疾病防治

@#As a new generation of autologous platelet concentrates, concentrated growth factors (CGF) have demonstrated potential for promoting soft and hard tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo, and this potential has also been demonstrated in clinical trials. CGF may be used alone or with bone graft materials in guided tissue regeneration (GTR), bone regeneration, internal sinus elevation, and reconstruction of bone defects after the removal of jaw cysts. As a rich source of growth factors, CGF have performed well in periodontal regeneration.

Therapeutic progress of diabetic periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

@#In China, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing each year. Diabetic periodontitis, as a major complication of diabetes, retains a strong bidirectional correlation with diabetes. Periodontitis increases the risk of diabetes, and hyperglycemia aggravates periodontal inflammation. In recent years, efficient treatments for diabetic periodontitis have been increasingly emphasized, and the prevention and control of diabetic periodontitis remain difficult. It is very challenging to find the best way to recognize risk factors and increase the diagnosis rate. Deeply understanding the local and systematic biological features of diabetic periodontitis could lead to the development of clinical preventive and therapeutic strategies. This article reviews the clinical and biological characteristics of diabetic periodontitis and its treatment progress from a systemic and local perspective, with the aim of extending the work on the prevention and treatment strategies for diabetic periodontitis.

Effect of inflammaging on periodontitis / 华西口腔医学杂志

Inflammaging is the chronic, systematic, and controllable upregulation of a pro-inflammation state with advancing age. Chronic low-grade inflammation accompanied by sustained stimuli is correlated with various age-related diseases (ARDs). Recent studies on ARDs have prompted further research interest in the inner mechanisms underlying inflammaging to establish prevention and treatment plans for inflammatory diseases. In this article, we discuss inflammaging and its significant role in periodontitis.

Radical retropubic prostatectomy for prostate cancer with pelvic lymph node metastasis / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the safety and effectiveness of radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) with adjuvant androgen deprivation or external radiotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) with pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM).@*METHODS@#Twenty PCa patients underwent bilateral pedal lymphangiography (PLG) preoperatively, and 11 of them received lymph node aspiration for examination of the mRNA expressions of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in the lymph fluid by real-time RT-PCR. All the patients were treated by RRP with extended dissection of pelvic lymph nodes, and 3 of them by external radiotherapy in addition after recovery from urinary incontinence because of positive surgical margins, followed by adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy.@*RESULTS@#Real-time RT-PCR showed positive mRNA expressions of PSA and PSMA in the lymph fluid of the 11 patients, all pathologically confirmed with PLNM. The median intraoperative blood loss was 575 ml, with blood transfusion for 5 cases. Positive surgical margin was found in 3 cases, lymphorrhagia in 2 and urinary leakage in another 2 each. There were no such severe complications as vascular injury and rectum perforation. The patients were followed up for 6－48 (mean 42) months, during which, biochemical recurrence was observed in 12 cases at a median of 12 months postoperatively and 2 patients died at 12 and 48 months respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Bilateral PLG and lymph node aspiration for examination of the mRNA expressions of PSA and PSMA in the lymph fluid help to confirm PLNM preoperatively. Radical retropubic prostatectomy with adjuvant androgen deprivation or external radiotherapy is safe and effective for the treatment of PCa with PLNM, but it should be chosen cautiously for those with Gleason 5+5.

Effects of Acupuncture on Expression of 5-HT Neurons in Medulla Oblongata and 5-HTR2B on Mice Models with Chloroquine-induced Pruritus / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the effects of acupuncture on pruritic behaviors, expression of 5-HT neurons in medulla oblongata and 5-HTR2B on mice with chloroquine-induced pruritus; To discuss the mechanism of action of acupuncture in chloroquine-induced pruritus. Methods A non-histamine-dependent pruritus model was prepared by subcutaneous injection of chloroquine into the back of the neck. Forty C57B/6J mice were randomly divided into model-acupuncture group, model-non-acupuncture group, normal saline group and blank control group, with 10 mice in each group. After modeling, acupuncture was given in Xuehai, Quchi and Hegu on both sides. The plug and twist way was used to stimulate, once a day, three times. Model-non-acupuncture group received no acupuncture. Normal saline group received the neck injection of saline in the back. Blank control group received no treatment. Behavioral changes were observed, and immunofluorescence technique and Western blot were used to test the expression of 5-HT neurons and 5-HTR2B in medulla oblongata neurons. Results The number of scratches in model-acupuncture group and model-non-acupuncture group was obviously more than normal saline group and blank control group (P<0.05). The number of scratches in model-acupuncture group was lower than that of model-non-acupuncture group (P<0.05). The expression of 5-HT in medulla oblongata neurons was unclear in both normal saline group and blank control group. The expression of 5-HT neurons in medulla oblongata significantly increased in model group, which decreased after acupuncture. The expression of 5-HTR2B of model group was significant higher than normal saline group and blank control group (P<0.01). Compared with model-non-acupuncture group, the expression of 5-HTR2B in model-acupuncture group significant decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion Acupuncture can significantly inhibitscratching behaviors in mice induced by chloroquine, and the mechanism may be realized by decreasing the expression of 5-HT neurons and 5-HTR2B in medulla oblongata neurons.

The two-step location method of acupoint in Internal Canon of Medicine and its clinical application / 中国针灸

An accurate location of acupoint is one of the key factors for improving clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion. From the theoretical basis, operation method, principle discussion and clinical application, the clinical practicability of the two-step location method of acupoint in Internal Canon of Medicine is discussed. This two-step location method is in accord with the original connotation of acupoint, and focuses on the function state of acupoint. As is suggested in clinical researches, the acupoint location that is acquired by using the two-step location method, as a treated area, could obviously improve the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion. Therefore, the two-step location method of acupoint in Internal Canon of Medicine should be considered as guideline of clinical acupoint location.

Study on the protective effect of ursolic acid on alloxan-induced diabetic renal injury and its underlying mechanisms / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of ursolic acid (UA) on the alloxan-induced kidney injury in diabetic mice and explored its possible mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Kunming mice by an injection of alloxan (70 mg/kg, i.v.). After 72 hours, blood glucose levels were detected and mice with blood glucose levels over 13.9 mmol/L were considered as diabetic and selected for further experiment. Thirty mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, diabetic and diabetic + UA(35 mg/kg/d, i.g. continuously for 8 weeks). Blood glucose concentration, organ coefficient of kidney, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) as well as renal tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined. Pathology of the renal tissue was measured by hematoxylin-eosin staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the control group, blood glucose, organ coefficient of kidney, BUN and Cr increased significantly. In addition, SOD activities was reduced markedly and levels of MDA and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6) increased significantly. Renal cells from model group rats showed atrophy and disordered after HE staining and infiltration of inflammatory cells also appeared in renal tissue of the model group. These changes were significantly attenuated in the diabetic group treated with UA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>UA can significantly relieve renal damage in mice with diabetic nephropathy induced by alloxan, which might be related to decreased blood glucose level, antioxidation effect and inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6.</p>

Protective effect of total flavonoids of epimedium on the kidney in experimental diabetic rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of total flavonoids of epimedium (TFE) on the streptozocin (STZ)-induced kidney injury in diabetic rats and discuss the possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Diabetes was produced by a single injection of streptozocin (40 mg/kg, iv) in male SD rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): control group, model group and TFE group (100 mg/kg, ig). Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks later. The level of blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) as well as the renal index were determined. Detect the specific biochemical of renal tissue: superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA). Use masson staining to observe the morphology of the renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the protein levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to control group, the enhancement of blood glucose, renal index, BUN and Cr was found in model group, which was significantly attenuated by treatment with TFE. Meanwhile, elevated MDA level in renal tissue as well as decreased SOD activities in renal tissue were significantly remitted by TFE. Furthermore, TFE decreased the expression of TGF-beta1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TFE can evidently relieve renal damage in rats with diabetic nephropathy induced by STZ, which might be related to antioxidation and modulating the expression of TGF-beta1 protein.</p>

Gene-gene interaction of GJB2, SOD2, and CAT on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in Chinese Han population / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

The effects of genetic factors on the noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) are still unclear. In the present study, eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) included rs1227049 and rs3802711 (CDH23), rs1695 (GSTP1), rs137852540 (GJB2), rs2289274 (PMCA2), rs4880 (SOD2), rs7943316, and rs769214 within CAT that might associated with NIHL were further validated in Chinese workers. The results showed that the carriers of the T allele (AT+TT) of rs7943316 and A allele (GA+AA) of rs769214, were significantly associated with an increased risk of NIHL compared to those with AA genotype (P<0.05) and GG genotype (P<0.05). Moreover, a significant three-locus model (P=0.0107) involving rs2016520, rs9794, and rs1805192 were observed that might associated with NIHL, with 53.95% of testing accuracy. Thus, our present study provided the evidence that GJB2, SOD2, and CAT genes might account for the NIHL development in independently and/or in an interactive manner.